I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
II. Legal framework ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
III. Underlying acts of genocide .................................................................................................................................... 7
A. Killing members of the group ............................................................................................................................ 7
i. Legal framework .......................................................................................................................................... 7
ii. Summary of factual findings ........................................................................................................................ 7
iii. Analysis and conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 15
B. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group ................................................................... 16
i. Legal framework ........................................................................................................................................ 16
ii. Summary of factual findings ...................................................................................................................... 17
a. Serious harm suffered as a result of environmental destruction ............................................................ 17
b. Serious harm suffered as a result of attacks against civilians and civilian structures ........................... 18
c. Serious harm suffered during and as a result of the evacuation process and expansion of the buffer
zone ......................................................................................................................................................... 19
d. Serious harm caused by severe mistreatment ......................................................................................... 20
e. Serious harm caused by sexual and gender-based violence ................................................................... 21
iii. Analysis and conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 23
C. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in
whole or in part ................................................................................................................................................ 26
i. Legal framework ........................................................................................................................................ 26
ii. Summary of factual findings ...................................................................................................................... 27
a. Destruction of structures and land essential to Palestinians ................................................................. 27
b. Destruction and denial of access to medical facilities and units............................................................ 29
c. Forced displacement and its impact ....................................................................................................... 34
d. Stopping entry of humanitarian aid, electricity, water and fuel supplies to Gaza ................................. 35
e. Reproductive violence and health and food impacts on women ............................................................. 41
f. Impacts of reduced healthcare and food on children .............................................................................. 42
iii. Analysis and conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 44
D. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group...................................................................... 47
i. Legal framework ........................................................................................................................................ 47
ii. Summary of factual findings ...................................................................................................................... 47
iii. Analysis and conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 48
IV. Dolus specialis of genocide ................................................................................................................................... 48
A. Legal framework .............................................................................................................................................. 48
B. Assessment of factual findings ........................................................................................................................ 51
i. Statements of Israeli state actors ................................................................................................................ 51
ii. Pattern of conduct ...................................................................................................................................... 54
a. Killing and causing bodily or mental harm ............................................................................................ 55
b. Destruction of cultural, religious and educational structures and facilities .......................................... 56
c. Siege, starvation and the blocking of humanitarian aid ......................................................................... 57
d. Targeting of the healthcare system ........................................................................................................ 61
e. Sexual and gender-based violence ......................................................................................................... 62
f. Direct targeting of children .................................................................................................................... 63
C. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................... 64
V. Direct and public incitement to commit genocide ................................................................................................. 64
VI. Legal consequences on States and their obligations .............................................................................................. 67
A. State of Israel ................................................................................................................................................... 67
B. Third States ...................................................................................................................................................... 69
VII. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................................... 71
VIII. Recommendations ................................................................................................................................................. 71
