Rania Muhareb - Israeli Apartheid. Tool of Zionist Settler Colonialism / Израильский апартеид. Инструмент сионистского поселенческого колониализма [история, 2022, PDF, ENG]

Endorsing Organisations .......................................................................... I Table of Abbreviations ............................................................................. IV Acknowledgements ................................................................................... VI Dedication .................................................................................................... VII 1. Overview ................................................................................................. 1 1.1. An Ongoing Advocacy Campaign ................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Zionism and the Roots of Israeli Apartheid ............................................................................... 11 1.3. Establishing Israeli Apartheid ....................................................................................................... 13 1.4. Maintaining Israeli Apartheid ........................................................................................................ 15 1.5. The Need for a Comprehensive Articulation of the Apartheid Framework ........................ 18 1.6. Individual Criminal, State, and Corporate Responsibility for Israeli Apartheid ............... 24 1.7. Dismantling Israeli Apartheid ....................................................................................................... 29 2. Introduction ............................................................................................ 31 2.1. Growing Recognition of Israeli Apartheid .................................................................................. 33 2.2. Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 37 3. Zionist Ideology and the Roots of Israeli Apartheid .................... 39 3 .1 . Origins of Israeli Apartheid ............................................................................................................ 40 3.2. Zionist Settler Colonialism ............................................................................................................. 41 3.3. Fragmentation and the Limits of International Humanitarian Law ...................................... 52 4. Constructing Apartheid ....................................................................... 57 4 .1 . The Prohibition of Apartheid ......................................................................................................... 59 4.2. Elements of the Crime against Humanity of Apartheid ........................................................... 67 5. Israel’s Apartheid Legal Regime ........................................................ 77 5.1. The Central Task of Zionist Parastatal Institutions .................................................................. 78 5.2. Nationality, Citizenship, and Residency Rights ........................................................................ 84 5.3. (Denying) Land and Property Rights ........................................................................................... 99 5.4. Fragmenting the Palestinian People ............................................................................................ 111 6. Israel’s Policies to Maintain Apartheid ............................................ 121 6 .1 Arbitrary Deprivation of Life ........................................................................................................... 122 6.2 Denying Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: The Example of the Right to Health ...... 135 6.3 Arbitrary Detention and Illegal Imprisonment .......................................................................... 154 6.4 Torture and Other Ill-Treatment .................................................................................................... 158 6.5 Collective Punishment ..................................................................................................................... 160 6.6 Persecution and Silencing of Opposition to Apartheid ............................................................ 163 7. Responsibility and Accountability for Israel’s Apartheid Regime ................................................................................. 167 7 .1 . Third State Duty to Cooperate ....................................................................................................... 167 7.2. Universal Jurisdiction ....................................................................................................................... 171 7.3. The ICC .................................................................................................................................................. 172 7.4. Corporate Complicity ........................................................................................................................ 173 7.5. The UN Database of Businesses Operating with Israeli Settlements ................................... 175 7.6. UN Anti-Apartheid Mechanisms .................................................................................................... 178 8. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 181 9. Recommendations ................................................................................ 183 9 .1 . To all States ........................................................................................................................................ 183 9.2. To the High Contracting Parties to the Geneva Conventions ................................................. 188 9.3. On States’ Duty to Ensure Corporate Accountability ............................................................... 190 9.4. To Palestinian Of￿cials ..................................................................................................................... 191 9.5. To Member States of the Human Rights Council ....................................................................... 192 9.6. To UN Special Procedures ............................................................................................................... 192 9.7. To UN Treaty Bodies ......................................................................................................................... 193 9.8. To the Ongoing UN Commission of Inquiry ................................................................................. 193 9.9. To the CEIRPP and Other UN Bodies ............................................................................................ 194 9.10. To the UN General Assembly ........................................................................................................ 194 9 .11 . To the ICJ ............................................................................................................................................ 194 9.12. To the UN Security Council ........................................................................................................... 195 9.13. To Parliamentarians ....................................................................................................................... 195 9.14. To Local and Other Sub-national Spheres of Government ................................................. 196 9.15. To the Of￿ce of the Prosecutor of the ICC ............................................................................... 196 9.16. To Corporate Entities and Financial Institutions ................................................................... 197 9.17. To Civil Society Organisations ..................................................................................................... 198